What is Overvoltage and How to Protect Your Circuit

Overvoltage occurs when voltage exceeds the safe limit of a circuit. This can damage components and reduce system reliability.

Causes of Overvoltage

• Power supply spikes
• Inductive loads (motor, relay)
• Lightning or external disturbances

Protection Methods

1. Zener Diode

• Limits voltage to a fixed level

2. TVS Diode

• Protects against spikes

3. Voltage Regulator

• Maintains stable voltage

4. Fuse

• Disconnects circuit when unsafe

Practical Applications

• Power supplies
• Automotive systems
• Industrial electronics

Overvoltage protection is essential to ensure circuit safety and long-term reliability.

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