Controlled Impedance Starts with Consistency

Controlled impedance isn't achieved by trace width alone.

The characteristic impedance of a high-speed signal is influenced by several factors, including trace width, dielectric thickness, copper thickness, and its reference plane. Once these parameters are defined by the PCB stack-up, maintaining a consistent routing geometry becomes just as important.

Abrupt changes in trace width, unnecessary neck-downs, excessive vias, or switching between different reference planes can introduce impedance discontinuities along the signal path.

For high-speed designs, consistency is often more valuable than simply finding the shortest route.

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